File

Folder 25: Turkey Laundry, Toilets, etc.

Group picture of children-I felt that our 4H program was never too successful. I think a strong 4-H program depends on a strong Adult Extension program and that we did not get here. The national leaders saw end results in their visits to US but in most cases are not aware of the tedious dedicated work foundation at the grass level. These programs cannot be transplanted in mass but must grow slowly from the grassroots on modest goals. I think they had some value in broadening the school curriculum but they lacked lasting qualities. Children congregating outside school- Notice the French influence in the school system Fields, house, trees- One of our most popular Turksih projects was building asian toilets. This is not an easy job for women. They Near East Foundation had fusnished drawings and directions, This picture shows one going up. Every trained had to demonstrated her ability to build one in a village before graduation. Girls had to lean to mix cement and carry rocks to build the pit Often when the village men saw the women carring the rocks found that the home economics worked knew what she was doing they rushed to help. Can-A village or small town home toilet. Many village homes were without toilets of any kind. We felt our toilet building project was one of the better projects. One exceptional worker Ayfer Goner built more than 50 in a town which she worked. To get the project started the girls would often approach the Iman (pastor) and ask if he wouldn’t like one at the mosque. Once that one was completed other villagers asked for them. \ Men playing volleyball- The village people loved sports but we had not rules. We got some AID money to but a few basketball and volleyballs and we sent for rules but we had no American who could or would teach so the villagers made their own rules. Any Americans going to work in an underdeveloped country and to their village could well take recreation material and teach simple recreation. It’s a good way to get acquainted and to make friends. Border, ironing board Border ironing a short- Border going a Time v Mation demonstration to a mixed (men & women) conference in Ankara of Province Agr. Directors and their home economist. Women cooking with a big pot outside- We felt we could at least a rope or wire clothesline but the custom of drying on the ground or bushes dies hard. There was however a great deal of interest generated in laundry improvement methods. Women in lab coats pouring water- Men showing Border a machine- One of the outlying agriculture province directors had been to USA and was introduced to one of our early hand operated wash machines. We had great difficulty getting even one made. Even in cities like Ankara the water flow was too unsteady and uncertain to use electricity for washing. Sink Women using washing board Laundry methods in Turksih villages left much to be desired in the opinion of the Am. Home Ec. Technician we worked an improved methods constantly. After the women stood in mud near near the one village faucet washing in a shallow wooden basin or when there was a village wash house beat the clothes on a stone with a stick Person holding a stick- This is sort of a plumber’s friend idea for washing clothes Line of faucets- The laundry in the training center near Izmir Line of fire pits-Beating wet clothes with a stick on a stone surface Wide shot of river, people washing clothes- This is a village laundry a series of crude tubs and running water Crowd of women washing clothes- Trying to improve some laundry methods Women carrying clothes- Arriving at the laundry with a load of clothes Border standing with washing board- Trying to introduce American washboard to be made locally. This man is an ag. director of an outlying province. The Turkish people are a proud people and like to look well dressed and well groomed
Photo of outhouse with jar: a jar of water was placed nearby to wash down the waste into the stone or cement buried pit below.
Villagers inspecting or constructing the outhouse: An uncovered space in the rear provided for reaching with a shovel to clean out the pit.
Villagers with outhouse: Cementing the mesh wired, wood frame around teh small hole over the pit
Outhouse wall construction: A toilet (Easterly Design) used in most wealthy villages and copied by our students.
Border measuring sleeping bunks: There were no beds in villages so we had these nested beds made at hthe national prison. We made the matresses. We are measuring for thickness to still make beds stackable.
Village: Clothes spread on bushes to dry.
Women with mallet: a typical village laundry and bath house found in Turkey.
Villager with plunger: Like our plumbing item we hoped to use this for washing clothes instead of pounding them with a stick on a flat stone surface.
Two men and a woman with a wood contrapation: men from the ministry of agriculture designed a hand operated washer but mass production and use was not possible at the time.
Woman washing clothes: One more step in the clothes washing process.